Birsa Munda Essay in English, It is a common saying that an individual is only respected by his deeds. If a person has good deeds, then he will be worshiped like a God or Goddess. There is a great example before us, Birsa Munda. He is a man of good deeds, true words, and strong personality. Today, in this essay, we will talk about Birsa Munda and his life story. So, start reading:
Birsa Munda Essay in English
Birsa Munda Essay in English
History of Birsa Munda
Who is Birsa Munda?
He was a tribal freedom fighter belonging to India. As India is a country, where many freedom fighters were born and fought for their country. Birsa Munda was one of them. He was an Indian religious leader, as well as a folk hero. He belongs to the Munda tribe in the Chhotanagpur Plateau region.
That is why he was named Birsa Munda. In the 19th century, he started a religious Millenarian program of the tribes in the Bengal Presidency, now known as Jharkhand. Here is the complete life story of Birsa Munda, which most people are not aware of:
Biography of Birsa Munda: Early life of Birsa Munda
He was born on 15 November 1875. His parents were Sugana Munda and Karmi Hatu. His birth took place in Ulihatu, Bengal Presidency. When he was born, it was a Thursday. This is the main reason why he was named after the day according to the customs of the Munda tribe.
His family moved to Kurumbda and later to Bamba because they were looking for work. It was to find a job, which caused his family to move to different places. They want to get a job either as a sharecropper, or as a laborer.
His family is poor. Being below the poverty line, he was sent to his maternal uncle, who lived in another village called Ayubhatu. He lived in this village for 2 years. In the meantime, he was surrounded by Christian missionaries. The mission of these missionaries was to attack the old Munda order because they wanted to convert people to their religion.
They want to convert people to Christianity. When he lived in Ayubhatu, he studied at a missionary school, where his teacher encouraged him to study further. His teacher advised him to seek admission to the German Mission School.
But there is a condition that if he will be enrolled in this school he has to change his religion to Christianity. So, he went with the flow. He was renamed Birsa David as soon as the conversion took place. Later, he was named Birsa Daud. After studying at the German Mission School for several years, he left it.
He lived in Chaibasa following the freedom struggle from 1886 to 1890. But his father removed him from school and left the place. His complete family had returned to the religious customs of their original tribe after abandoning Christianity. During his temporary stay, he found an ideal companion in a neighboring village named Sankara.
Birsa Munda presents her parents with jewels and explains the reason behind the idea of marriage. But when he returns from prison, Birsa finds him unfaithful, which causes him to leave her. Jaga Munda’s wife and Mathura Muda’s son urge her to be his wife, and Birsa reprimands her.
Sali who comes from Burudih lived with Munda for a long time. He interrupted monogamy when he got old. He was imprisoned because of a rumor that those who would not obey Birsait would be slaughtered.
his new religion
He founded a new religion known as Birsait. According to this religion, people believe in one God who encourages them to return to their original religious beliefs. This is how people began to call him economic religious healers, preachers, and miracle workers. The people who came from the tribes of Oraons, Mundas, and Kharias visited the new prophet together so that they could get a cure for their problems. He is called Dharti Abba by people.
Many folk and contemporary songs reveal his influence on people from different tribes. He not only talked about a new religion but also trained people and made a Guerrilla Army against the British rule. His slogan is still remembered in different states like Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal, Bihar, and Odisha, which once threatened British rule.
This slogan is ‘Abua raj seter jana, maharani raj tundu jana.’ This slogan signifies that ‘Let the queen’s reign end and our kingdom will be strong.’
Birsaits and their rebellion
In the late 1890s, he removed the feudal system introduced by the British raj in the Adivasi forests. Based on this system, immigrants from other places and states were invited by the British government to work on tribal land and fill their pockets with all the profits. As a result, this pressures the owners of their proprietary rights over the land.
They were left without a means of livelihood. Therefore, Birsa Munda along with his people were shocked because of the cultural change and the destruction of agriculture. In 1895, he asked his tribesmen to reject Christianity and guide them to follow the one path of God, giving a message of austerity, chastity, and forbidding cow slaughter.
Birsa Munda claimed him as a prophet and mentioned that Queen Victoria’s control had ended and the Munda raj had begun. The followers of Birsa Munda declared that the British were their real enemies and not the Christian Mundas.
Contributing to the freedom struggle, his followers started a series of attacks on many British places where they killed 2 police constables and attacked the commissioner and deputy commissioner. As a result, the British fixed a reward of Rs. 500 on him and sent troops to put down the rebellion.
The force surrounded the Guerrilla Army at Dumbari Hill and killed many people. Birsa Munda managed to escape but was caught and sent to prison. He died on June 9, 1900. The movement he started faded away after his death.
He is still alive in people’s hearts as there are many educational centers and organizations named after him.
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Categories: Biography
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